Quantification of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams states based of S system parameters

In this paper, we propose a new quantitative method for determining the state number l of the beam carry Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), both individually and in a sum in a combination of l= -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 based on analysis of the S21 system parameters. This allows the receiving device to be tuned to receive beams with a specific OAM state. Radio waves carry OAM have a frequency of 80 GHz. The work is an experiment on a computer model. Simulation of beams with different states l, as well as determination of S system parameters, is carried out using the software product SCT Studio, and addition or superposition of S parameters of beams with different states l was produced by means of the software product Matlab.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Pour une culture des accidents au service de la sécurité industrielle

National audienceThis paper proposes to develop an innovative concept: the culture of accidents. We insist on its interest to facilitate the paradigm change that we believe necessary (towards an organisational and socio-technical paradigm) and in particular to improve the learning from experience. The objective is to enable the operating of the learning from experience for the field actors (operators and managers) and the safety analysts relying on a living memory and "experience pillars". Our analysis was mostly based on accident analysis and organisational approach of safety. We clearly make the use of the medical analogy in order to underline the added value of the concept with regards to the clinical investigation of accidents, the recording of a library of cases in order to facilitate (reactive and proactive) the diagnosis in those complex industrial systems. We make the assumption that this is in the extreme cases that are accidents, that we can, the best, seize and analyse the safety deterioration phenomenon (medical analogy). We specify the content of a culture of accidents (structure, references, inter-organisational character), locate it in the state of art with regards to accidentology, safety and risk cultures. Finally we propose actions to implement with required adaptations to enable actors to grasp it.Cette communication propose de développer un concept innovant : la culture des accidents. Nous argumentons sur son intérêt pour faciliter le changement de paradigme que nous croyons nécessaire (vers un paradigme sociotechnique et organisationnel) et plus spécifiquement pour obtenir une meilleure efficacité du processus de retour d'expérience. L'objectif concret est de faciliter l'opérationnalisation du retour d'expérience pour les acteurs de terrain (opérateurs/managers) et les analystes de sécurité en s'appuyant sur une mémoire vivante et des piliers d'expérience. Notre analyse s'est appuyée essentiellement sur des analyses d'accidents et l'approche organisationnelle de la sécurité. Nous faisons clairement usage de l'analogie médicale afin de souligner l'intérêt du concept proposé au regard de l'étude clinique des accidents, de la constitution d'une bibliothèque de cas visant à faciliter et permettre le diagnostic (réactif et proactif) dans ces systèmes industriels complexes. Nous faisons ainsi l'hypothèse que c'est dans les cas extrêmes que constituent les accidents, que l'on peut le mieux saisir et analyser les processus de dégradation de la sécurité (analogie médicale). Nous précisons alors le contenu d'une culture des accidents (structure, éléments de référence, caractère inter-organisationnel), la situons dans l'état de l'art au regard de l'accidentologie et en discutons son intégration aux cultures de sécurité et du risque. Enfin, nous formulons des propositions d'actions pour sa mise en oeuvre avec les adaptations nécessaires à prévoir pour permettre aux acteurs visés de s'en saisi

La gestion du changement par la concertation : exemple de la mise en place d'un plan développement durable

National audienceOrganizations are facing new challenges raised by the implementation of the sustainable development principle. This paper points out the need to support organizational change in response to these Environmental Demands. New methods are proposed and discussed through a real case study of implementing a strategical plan for sustainable development within a public institute of expertise in the field of industrial environment and risks.Les Organisations font face à de nouveaux défis soulevés par la mise en application du principe de développement durable. Cet article offre une réflexion sur le besoin en accompagnement au changement des Organisations qui relèvent ces défis. Nous avons proposé une méthodologie basée sur une approche de type recherche-intervention. Cette méthodologie prend appuie sur de l'analyse organisationnelle et de l'aide multicritère à la décision. Pour finir, nous relaterons l'histoire d'un cas de mise en place d'un plan stratégique et d'un plan d'actions développement durable au sein d'un institut public d'expertise dans le domaine de l'environnement industriel et des risques

Using a multi-criteria decision aid methodology to implement sustainable development principles within an Organization

International audienceThe implementation of Sustainable Development (SD) within an Organization is a difficult task. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to deal with conflicting and incommensurable aspects such as environmental, economic and social dimensions. In this paper we have used a Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology to cope with these difficulties. MCDA methodology offers the opportunity to avoid monetary valuation of the different dimensions of the SD. These dimensions are not substitutable for one another and all have a role to play. There is an abundance of possible aggregation procedures in MCDA methodology. In this paper we have proposed an innovative method to choose a suitable aggregation procedure for SD problems. Real life case studies of the implementation of an outranking approach (i.e., ELECTRE) and of a mono-criterion synthesis approach (i.e., MAUT approaches based on the Choquet integral) were done to respectively rank 22 SD strategic actions within an expertise Institute and rank 20 practical operational actions to control energy consumption of the Institute's buildings

Towards an analytics and an ethics of expertise: Learning from decision aiding experiences in public risk assessment and risk management

Public expertise in safety, security and environment is a process that is increasingly submitted to control and transparency. It therefore requires an oversight, a monitoring and an aiding approach on its conduct and its governance. Difficulties learned from experiences in framing risk problems and sharing expertise conclusions and recommendations are pointed. Our practice of expertise has made clear to us that "expertise is a decision aiding process for a decision-maker which contains other decision aiding processes for the experts involved. To overcome this paradox, we argue on the need of a generic integrated framework for expertise that allows framing a valid and a legitimate expertise process and conclusions. Public expertise is then defined and mai

Enhancing Safety: the Challenge of Foresight

We live in a world where advancement in technology coupled with human’s creative and innovative mind has led to the design of safer and better performing infrastructures (nuclear power plants, chemical process plants, high speed trains, spaceplanes, etc.), which are necessary for modern society. However, due to the interconnected socio-economic and technological landscape that is rapidly evolving, safety continues to have many new challenges (known unknowns, unknown unknowns) that add onto changed variants of the old challenges (e.g. modified knowns). Additionally, governance and legislation can be slow to catch up with this dynamic pace of change. At times, overregulation can occur, resulting in a significant resource investment towards compliance for existing infrastructure operators or for aspiring start-ups that would like to enter the market, but end up struggling or even abandoning the sector. Inspired by this background, the European Safety and Reliability Data Association’s Foresight in Safety Project Group prepared the 53rd ESReDA seminar with a purpose to launch an open dialogue with stakeholders in the safety arena. Thus, by providing an open forum where experiences in foresight in safety approaches from different sectors could be shared, cross-fertilisation of ideas, such as how foresight could be mainstreamed into safety practice in a more consistent manner, could be discussed. The project group will build on this rich compendium of experiences in its future endeavours.JRC.E.7-Knowledge for Security and Migratio

Enhancing Safety: the Challenge of Foresight - ESReDA Project Group Foresight in Safety

This Deliverable is the result of a joint effort by experts, working in the fields of risks management, accident analysis, learning from experience and safety management. They come from 10 countries mainly from Europe and also from USA and Australia. Their expertise covers several industrial sectors. They attempted to provide useful information, both from a theoretical and a practical point of views, about "Foresight in Safety". Safety is still an ongoing issue for which a number of subjects remain under debate (e.g. is goal of safety to ensure that 'as few things as possible go wrong' or to ensure that ‘as many things as possible go right’?). Anyway, we can assume that safety is to act in a way for both the process continues to be run right and that errors and failures to not lead to a major accident. Even if "foresight in safety" is the implicit underlying goal of every practitioner in safety, the outlines of its domain remain blurred and the relevant topics associated with it have never been clearly defined. A humble ambition of this Deliverable is to display some aspects of "foresight in safety" according to the current state of practices and scientific knowledge.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

Control of major accident hazards involving land transmission pipelines

International audienceThe paper will give some preliminary results based mostly on a state of the art study of risk assessment on transmission pipeline. These items are presented according to four key items related with major-accident hazards on pipelines, learning from experience on pipeline accidents, damage prevention measure, satellite surveillance and consequence calculation

The organisational side of major accidents and safety : perspectives on transforming knowledge into practices

International audienceIn September 2006, Michel Llory, an author in the field of the organisational side of major accidents (1996, 1999) organised a two days seminar focused on the organisational dimension of safety. Following twenty years of research in the field, from the debates around the High Reliable Organisation (i.e. Roberts, 1990) and Normal Accident (i.e. Perrow, 1984), through the Normalisation of deviance (Vaughan, 1996) and some recent important investigations following major accidents (Paddington, 1999, Columbia, 2003) and other insightful contributions (Hopkins, 2000, 2005), the theme of the seminar was to question the state of the art regarding the core concepts and methodologies of the organisational side of safety, but also to address its practical impact within industry. Contributors from various French bodies where present (INERIS, National Institute for Environmental Safety; IRSN, Institute for Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection), but also researchers in the field as well as companies (Air France, EDF, CEA). Several themes from the organisational side of safety were debated such as: - The tradeoff between production versus safety, - the dark side of organisations, - the nature of the accident dynamic, - the assessment of organisation, - the organisational side of safety in the practices of the industry and development strategy. This paper provides a summary of one of the contribution proposed by the authors of this paper for the seminar. The contribution deals with the development of the organisational dimension of safety into industry practices. In order to elaborate on this topic, the paper distinguished among several concepts such as safety management systems, behaviours, human factors and organisational factors. It is stressed that these various expressions cover different understanding of sometimes similar phenomena. The meaning of these terms vary from managers, in companies to researchers in human and social sciences. An important part of this paper is dedicated to an attempt to clarify these different meanings. This is seen helpful to clarify some of the problems. Some directions are then suggested to help for the development of the organisational side of safety in practices